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Capture of Bacharach
The Capture of Bacharach took place on October 1, 1620 at Bacharach, Electorate of the Palatinate. The conflict was between the Spanish forces commanded by Don Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba and the Protestant forces of Frederick V, Elector Palatine, during the Palatinate campaign in the context of the Thirty Years' War.〔Hubert Granville Revell Reade: ''Sidelights on the Thirty Years War'' p.339〕 After a quick start of the invasion of states of Frederick V, proclaimed King of Bohemia, the operations slowed in mid-September, after the Capture of Oppenheim.〔Ibarra p.367〕 Don Ambrosio Spinola, the Spanish general in command, assessed at a council of war the choice between undertaking the siege of Heidelberg or, secondarily, the town of Bacharach.〔Ibarra p.366〕 The Spanish officers decided to take Bacharach due to the small number of Frederick's scattered forces.〔Ibarra p.368〕 On October 1, Córdoba captured Bacharach with a force of 2,500 soldiers, forcing the Anglo-German defenders to surrender.〔
==Background==
After securing stores of food and ammunition through the Capture of Oppenheim, Spinola had a choice between taking Heidelberg or Bacharach. On September 23, Spinola consulted with the Spanish commanders, Don Carlos Coloma, Don Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba, Don Diego Felípez de Guzmán and Hendrik van den Bergh.〔 There was talk of marching on Heidelberg, Frankenthal or Bacharach, but finally Spinola decided to opt for Bacharach.〔
Bacharach was an important strategic point because it was a bridgehead over the Rhine and would be a link between the part of the Palatinate occupied by the Spaniards and the city of Mainz.〔 In addition, the operation would buy time for the arrival of reinforcements expected from the Spanish Netherlands.〔 On 27 September, news came to Spinola that a force from the United Provinces of about 5,000 men under the command of Henry of Nassau-Dillenburg and Sir Horace Vere had crossed the Moselle in Kerpen to support Frederick V.〔Ibarra p.369〕
Spinola, ignoring the entity of Vere's forces, composed of Dutch, English and Scottish volunteers sent by King James I of England,〔Pursell p.113〕 decided to move with his army to the west bank of the Rhine and await the Protestant forces. With his attention centered on the arrival of the Anglo-Dutch relief, Spinola remained near the road with the bulk of his army, and entrusted the capture of Bacharach to Don Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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